The Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with End -Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Patients in Sudan

Background: Chronic renal disease constitutes a serious worldwide clinical situation and considered to pose a real health problem, it causes considerable morbidity and mortality rates in developing countries. There were limited data about causes of ESRD in the Sudan.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the Risk factors or causes that associated with Renal Impairment in Sudanese patients with ESRD in Khartoum State, Sudan.

Methods: This is a cross sectional hospital based study.one hundred participants with ESRD, attending hemodialysis Renal Centers in Al-Amal and Omdurman Military Hospitals were enrolled in this study. Data was collected by using questionnaires; the medical files of each patient were reviewed to identify the cause of ESRD. All the participants were accepting and agree to participate before the start of the collection process. Informed consent was obtained from each participant. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences program version 23.

Results: The study results showed that majority of participants 46.5% aged between (20 –34), followed by aged between (35-49) with percent 32.5%, age group (50-64) are 12%. (65-80) with percent 9%. The total percentages of male and female were 60.5%, and 39.5%, respectively. Employers 43%, non-employers 18%, students 15%, free business 13.5%, army 8.5%and retired 2%. Most important risk factor or causes of disease was hypertension HTN with percentage of 74%, followed diabetes mellitus DM with percentage of 14%. Poly cystic nephritis is also causing of the disease with percentage of 4%. HTN and DM, Nephritis has same percentage 3%. Minority of patients in this study were affected with Atrophy 2%. In patient aged from 35-49 years old the leading cause of ESRD was hypertension in Male (39.5%), in female (61.3%) with total of (48.6%) followed by diabetes mellitus in males (0.0%) and in females (50.0%) with total of (28.6%). In patient aged between 50 – 64years old the leading cause of ESRD was diabetes mellitus in males (50.0%) %), in females (37.5%) with total of (42.9%) followed by hypertension in males (16.3%), in females (22.6%) with total of (18.9%).

Conclusion and Recommendation: The main risk factor or cause of ESRD in devolving chronic renal failure and subsequent ESRD in Sudanese patients hypertension followed by diabetes mellitus and they are common in economically productive age group that may represents major concern so good monitoring and treatment is the key of success in the prevention of ESRD.