A Review on Role of Beneficial Insects in Sustainable Crop Production Systems

Beneficial insects are vital components of sustainable crop production systems, providing key ecosystem services such as biological pest control, pollination, and soil health enhancement. This review explores the diverse roles of beneficial insects, including predators, parasitoids, pollinators, and soil engineers, in promoting sustainable agriculture. Predators and parasitoids regulate pest populations, reducing the need for chemical pesticides, while pollinators, such as bees and butterflies, enhance crop yields and quality through effective pollination. Soil-dwelling insects contribute to nutrient cycling and soil structure, improving plant health and productivity. Despite their numerous benefits, the effective integration of beneficial insects is challenged by knowledge gaps in ecological interactions, high implementation costs, and environmental pressures such as habitat loss and pesticide exposure. Strategies to overcome these challenges include habitat management (e.g., establishing flower strips and hedgerows), conservation biological control, and augmentative releases of natural enemies. Sustainable practices like crop rotation and intercropping can increase habitat heterogeneity, supporting beneficial insect diversity. Should focus on Integrated Pest and Pollinator Management (IPPM) to optimize both pest suppression and pollination services. Advancements in digital technologies, such as remote sensing and precision agriculture, can improve monitoring and deployment strategies for beneficial insects. Supportive policies and educational initiatives are necessary to encourage farmers to adopt insect-friendly practices.